Africa
CHEIKH ANTA DIOP: A LIFE BETWEEN EGYPTOLOGY AND PAN-AFRICANISM
Cheikh Anta Diop is one of the most influential African thinkers and scientists of the 20th century. He has pursued a broad career spanning from engineering and applied sciences to politics, philosophy, and history. Scientist and politician Prof. Cheikh Anta Diop's professional journey revolves around two main elements. The first is the thesis defending the black identity of ancient Egypt, which was published as a book in 1954 under the title "Nations nègres et Culture" (Black Nation and Culture). However, this thesis, which argues that the civilization established by the West at a time when imperialism was at its peak, owed to Ancient (black) Egypt was not welcomed. Anta's hard work quickly aroused the hostility of the Western scientific community, especially the French. The second point is the vision of a united and independent Africa since 1945.
MUAMMAR GADDAFI: FROM PAN-ARABISM TO PAN-AFRICANISM
Muammar Gaddafi came to power with a coup he carried out with his fellow soldiers. He is a figure who reigned in Libya from 1969 until his assassination and overthrow in 2011 and is known for his strong support for Pan-Arabism and Pan-Africanism. It promoted cooperation and unity between Arab and African nations, advocating first a united Arab world and subsequently a united Africa. He also promoted a form of theory close to socialism known as the "Third International Theory", which emphasized direct democracy and decentralized control of local resources.
RUSSIA-FRANCE COMPETITION IN SAHEL
the Sahel in particular. While this transformation leads to the questioning of existing trends, it also allows for the addition of new trends. In this process, the approaches of political actors to their strategic partners, the positions of external actors in the region, and the perception of their leaders - especially their relations with France - as a result of the awareness of youth and civil society have changed to a great extent. Within the scope of this process, new parameters have inevitably emerged. While these parameters are formed spontaneously in some cases, they are formed by force in some places. In this context, it is possible to observe a change – a diversification – in the relations of the leaders of this region in the last two decades. France, which was previously the dominant partner in the Sahel, has found a competitor. In short, it is Russia waging war against one of its Western adversaries.
CFA FRANC IN UEMOA AND CEMAC REGION: IS FRANCE A NEW COLONIAL TOOL IN AFRICA?
With the exception of Guinea Conakry, all former French colonies of Sub-Saharan Africa still use the CFA franc in West Africa, grouped under the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA) and the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC). Before the Second World War, it consisted primarily of the system established to transfer natural resources to the metropolis - Paris - and subsequently to make French companies advantageous in the continent.